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BIOLOGY 152; STUDY GUIDE: UNIT 3
THE MICROBIAL CENSUS
Reading: Chapters 10, 11, 12 & pp. 370-377, 385-392
Items in Red and Bold:
may not be covered in class, so you will need to look up this
information on your own
Explain the following terms:
Chemoheterotroph
photoautotroph
Prion
mycoses
viroid
taxonomy
Answer the following questions:
1.
The term species is defined differently for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Describe how the two are
different.
2. Briefly describe the three domain system of classification, including the domains and the groups
of organisms they contain. Describe the characteristics of the organisms which determine the
domain into which they fit. Which scientist proposed this classification system?
3. Know the Classification Hierarchy (slide 7).
4. Describe the way organisms are named using the binomial nomenclature system.
5. List and briefly describe the various methods used to classify and identify bacteria.
6. Compare and contrast characteristics of fungi, protozoa,
algae
, and helminths. If given information regarding cell
composition/morphology, reproductive strategy, nutritional pattern (chemoheterotroph vs. photoautotroph) for an
organism, be able to classify it into one of these 4 groups.
7. What characteristics are used to group viruses into taxonomic families? What is a viral species?
What are the suffixes that are used to represent genus, family and order names for viruses?
8. Describe the different types of viral genomes that are possible.
9. Briefly describe the manner in which the second edition of Bergey’s manual is organized in terms
of the groups of bacteria that are included.
10. What are the 2 basic morphologies of fungi? What does dimorphic mean? Briefly describe four ways in which
fungi can cause disease in humans.
11. For Protozoa: what is the difference between a trophozoite and a cyst? Give one example of a protozoan disease
discussed in class.
Explanation & Answer
Attached.
RUNNING HEAD: MICROBIAL CENSUS
Microbial census
Name
School
1
MICROBIAL CENSUS
Definition of terms
Chemoheterotroph is an organism that derives energy from chemicals. The organism
needs to use/eat other organisms to survive. An example is human beings that depend on plants
and animals for energy to live. Photoautotroph is an organism that uses carbon dioxide and light
to make its energy through photosynthesis. The organism makes its food. A prion is an abnormal
form of a harmless protein that causes neurodegenerative disease in animals. It is found in the
brain. Mycoses plural of mycosis is a disease caused by fungus in domestic animals and humans.
The fungus invades the tissues and then causes systemic, subcutaneous or superficial disease.
Viroid is an infectious particle that is smaller than the known viruses. Taxonomy is a science of
classifying, naming and describing organisms. The organisms include animals, plants and
microorganisms.
1. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are different species. There are several differences between
the two cells. The most distinctive difference is that eukaryotes cells have a distinct
nucleus with the cell's genetic composition/material. The nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear
envelope that has two lipid membranes. On the other hand, prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
They have a membrane-less nucleoid region that has free genetic composition/material.
Eukaryotic cells have many chromosomes that undergo cell...