Lab Report Format Physics 2A, 4A-D 1. TITLE Place the title of the lab experiment at the top of the first page. 2. OBJECTIVE State the objective of the experiment clearly. The objective of the experiment is what you’re trying to prove or accomplish. 3. THEORY Explain relevant concepts and provide any appropriate definitions. Pertinent equations should be derived in a clear, logical manner. Any relevant background information may also be included in this section. 4. APPARATUS Record a list of the equipment being used. Write down the serial number, model, and make of the equipment. You will need this information for reference in case you need to repeat the experiment or collect additional data. Describe the equipment being used and draw a diagram or picture of the equipment. 5. PROCEDURE This section includes your plan for performing the experiment. The experimental plan should be written in a step-by-step, orderly fashioned method. It describes in detail your procedure for performing the lab such that you or anyone else could re-create the experiment exactly as it was performed. The experiments in the lab manual/handouts already have a step-by-step written procedure. You may cut and paste the written procedure from your lab manual into your lab notebook. Keep in mind that you may need to repeat an experimental procedure during the lab final. (The lab handouts have the TITLE, OBJECTIVE, THEORY, APPARATUS, and PROCEDURE sections already written out, so you may cut and paste these sections into your lab notebook.) 6. DATA Your data should be well organized and easy to read. Label each set of data with the appropriate quantity being measured along with the trial/run number. Use ‘table’ format for easier reading. Your data should have the correct number of significant figures and appropriate units. If your data is represented by graphical methods, make sure your graph has been appropriately labeled with the correct axis, units, and scale. Any work that is printed out from the computer must be attached securely (taped, glued, stapled ....)to your lab notebook. DO NOT FOLD PRINTOUTS AND SLIP INTO NOTEBOOK! Any work that is done on the computer should not be saved on the hard drive! Once finished with your work, delete it and empty Recycle Bin. 7. CALCULATIONS Write down equations being used to do calculations. The calculations should be clear and readable. Show and label calculations in complete detail for any quantity. If you are repeating a calculation several times, you only need to show one sample calculation. The calculation for % error between experiment and theory should be included here. 8. CONCLUSION & RESULTS Include a discussion of the results and their significance. Address the experimental objective and state whether it was accomplished. Comment on the % error between theory and experiment. Identify at least two sources of experimental error (systematic or random) to account for the percentage error involved in the experiment. Explain how these errors effected the outcome of the experiment? Was the experimental result greater than or less than the theoretical value? Was this what you had anticipated? Explain why or why not? You may also discuss methods to eliminate or minimize these experimental errors. USING THE OSCILLOSCOPE AND FUNCTION GENERATOR OBJECTIVE 1. To learn how to use an oscilloscope to measure and analyze voltage signals. 2. To learn how to use the Function Generator to output voltage signals and analyze the signals with an oscilloscope. THEORY(???) Oscilloscope An oscilloscope is a very important instrument in electronics where its main function is to measure potential differences (voltage) in a circuit. Simply stated an oscilloscope is just another voltmeter. An oscilloscope will measure voltage as a function of time. It can be set to measure voltage vs. voltage for two different signals. For our purpose we will be measuring Voltage vs. time. 1 Function Generator As the name indicates, a function generator generates a function (signal). A particular signal can be important in different types of circuits and thus its important that you can analyze any particular signal. If the signal is periodic then its important that we can analyze the signal in terms of its period, frequency, and amplitude. EQUIPMENT 1. 2. 3. 4. Fluke Analog Oscilloscope BNC-to-BNC cables HP Function Generator 2 dry cell batteries PROCEDURE 1. Select an oscilloscope. 2. On the PHYSICS 4B MANUAL read “EXPERIMENT 6: THE FLUKE PM 3084 ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPE”. 3. Follow the procedure to understand how to analyze and display the calibration signal of oscilloscope. 4. Calculate the period, frequency, and amplitude of the calibration signal. Calculate the % error for the frequency and amplitude. 5. Measure the voltage across two dry cell batteries using the oscilloscope and a voltmeter. Compare results. 6. Read the handout “EXPERIMENT 7: EVALUATION OF THE HP FUNCTION GENERATOR” to learn how to use the Function Generator and analyze the output signal using the oscilloscope. Output a sine signal of approximate amplitude of 10V with a frequency of 1 KHz. Calculate the period, frequency, and amplitude using the oscilloscope. Calculate the % error for the frequency. 7. Take the Oscilloscope Quiz and check your answers with solution! 2 3 4 AUTOSET CAL 100MHz FLUKE PM3084 OSCILLOSCOPE TRACE INTENSITY STATUS chi: AT= 4510s V= 600mV LOCAL TEXT INTENSITY 00 를 90 DELAYU DTB TRACE ROTATION + 1- FOCUS 0% AMPL עמו GRATICULE ILLUMINATION CH1 0.2 MM MTB 0.1ms chi VAR A TEXT OFF POWER 51 bo PROBE ADJUST 60 2KE CAL AUTOSET SETUPS UTILITY 047 100MHz FLUKE PM3084 OSCILLOSCOPE TRACE INTENSITY HOLD OFF TB MODE A CURSORS STATUS TRACK chi: OV=928 V LOCAL 10X MAGN . TEXT INTENSITY DELAYED TIME BASE LEVEL DTB DELAY TRIGGER MTB DTB S TIME/DIV ns TRACE ROTATION 10000 BWL ALT/CHOP POS 2 POS 3 POS FOCUS TRIG s 2 TRIG 2 2 in AMPL mv GND CH1+ CH2 GND CAACULE DATION CHI INV 2 Va AMPL mv HTB 28NS AMPL GND MV CH3 chis TEXT OFF VAR AC DC VARA ON VAR A ON DC ON 2 PROBE ADJUST A ALL INPUTS MAX 150V AT 1MO CATI A 600mV 2kHz IL 1MO 25pF 1MO 25pF 10 25pF SSIGLENT SDG1025 25 MHz Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator 125 MSa/s Sine 7 8 9 CH1/2 Sine СН2 Sine CH1 Sine Square 4 Freq 5 6 堂 1.000 000kHz . Period decor Frequency 10.000Vpp 0.0mVdc 1 2 Ampl 3 Ramp gestions HLevel es les 0 +- Offset UUUUU 5 Pulse s Load:Hi-2 LLevel CH1 Waveform Phase Output CHZ Sweep Burst Mod Noise EqPhase Frequency 1.000 000kHz Ampl 10.000Vpp Phase 0.0 Offset(). OmVdc Help Utility Arb Store/ Recall Do Not Input Voltage Except in Counter Mode! U 0 FLUKE PM3084 OSCILLOSCOPE TRACE INTENSITY 100MHz AUTOSET CAL SETUPS UTILITY GA chi: OT= 1.80ms V= 102 V; STATUS TRACK CURSORS TEXT INTENSITY LOCAL 90 DELAYED TIME BASE TRACE ROTATION LEVEL DTB DTB S TIME/DIV ns u FOCUS BWL CCCCCC POS 2 POS TRIG 1 GRATICULE ILLUMINATION CHI 2 V HTB O2mns AMPL GND chis CH1+ CH2 mv AMPL mv GND TEXT OFF 2 VAR ON AC DC VAR ON PROBE ADJUST ALL INPUTS MAX 150V 600mv -2kHz n 3 글 10 25pF I 끝 YO 25pF
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