In many of the assignments in the course, you learned about how sound financial practices are crucial to managing scarce funds in both public and non-profit operations. As a current or future administrator in a government or non-profit organization, you must act responsibly and ethically in managing budgets and finances to ensure positive social change.Write a reflection on the insights you gained in this course. Then, explain how you, as a present or future professional in public administration, plan to effect social change.Be sure to support your posting and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources while using APA format of referencing.ReadingsMikesell, J. L. (2014).Fiscal administration: Analysis and applications for the public sector (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.Chapter 2, "The Logic of the Budget Process" (pp. 38–83)St. John, E. P. (2013). Social justice & globalization.Harvard International Review,35(1), 45–49.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Yale Center for the Study of Globalization. (2013). Retrieved fromhttp://www.ycsg.yale.edu/

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Major Capital InvestmentsMikesell, J. L. (2014), refers Capital investment as the funds or capital used in a firm for the purpose of achieving the organizations goals and objectives. Capital investment includes all forms of capital assets acquired for running of an organization. The property is one of the major capital investment assets. The property is a part of the balanced portfolio which can be accessed through direct asset ownership. Several aspects to consider include liquidity requirements, the income preference, liability matching, diversification and the long-term asset.  The listed property which can trade on the stock exchange provides many benefits of direct property investment providing the investors with exposure to industrial and commercial property assets. The direct property acts as a vital element in the offering of diversification benefits and also in the access to income as well as returns. Capital assets have may have a longer useful life depending on their durability. Any property owned a firm for the purpose investment is a capital asset.  The land is one of the vital assets in the investment process. It is the basic unit of production. Depending on a firm’s objective, the size, and location of the land is determined. An organization intending of put place in large production machinery will require huge tracts of land for the construction. In the process of acquiring land, the investors may consider the transport cost thus may opt to find land in areas there consumers can be easily conducted. Government policies also function to decide on the suitable location of the firm (Blundell, Dearden, Et al 1999).  Research states that different production activities affect the surroundings differently. The various effects of the production process are to be considered in locating a firm. The productivity of land is a great determinant in the acquiring of a firm's land. Since productivity of land varies from place to place, not all locations may be suitable for the construction of a firm.Equipment is important assets in the production process. Firms use different means to acquire equipment and machinery. Some equipment may be acquired locally at good prices. This reduces the costs of production. Some machinery can only be acquired by importing from other continents. This greatly leads to increased cost of production.  Capital assets bring forth various outcomes. It is the assets that contribute the possible payoffs of a firm. Different assets work together in the production process in an organization for the achievement of the organizations’ goals and objectives. The intellectual assets contribute greatly in the firms outcomes. The firm may be under several partners. The partners learn differently from the pay-offs. These partners thus tend work for the better performance of a firm to realize better pay-offs depending on their shares (Fried & Hisrich, 1994).  There is various property investments risk. These risks are capable of the poor performance of a firm. Risks include the co-ownership of assets, the quality of investment management, the fluctuations in rental income, cost of debt, rental demand, fund termination as well as derivatives. Risks of investment in the romance property markets should be observed and considered in a firm’s management to avoid possible losses. Illiquidity as a risk also is specific to various capital assets.  According to Fried & Hisrich (1994), for the good performance of a firm, the management should work on avoiding the rise of various possible risks in the firm. Due to the fluctuations of rents, the firm should make efforts to permanently acquire land to avoid the possible increase in the cost of production as a result of the increasing rents. The firm’s equipment should be kept in a good state for their efficiency in the production process. The maintenance and possible modification of all capital assets should be done regularly and on time to ensure efficiency in the firm’s performance. All sectors of a firm contribute to its smooth operation thus, their performance should be well monitored. Investment management, which is a key factor in production, should be well observed.ReferencesMikesell, J. L. (2014).Fiscal administration: Analysis and applications for the public sector(9th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.Chapter 7, "Capital Budgeting, Time Value of Money, and Cost-Benefit Analysis: Process, Structure, and Basic Tools" (pp. 299–337)Chapter 15, "Debt Administration" (pp. 634–675)Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Meghir, C., & Sianesi, B. (1999). Human capital investment: the returns from education and training to the individual, the firm and the economy. Fiscal studies, 20(1), 1-23.Fried, V. H., & Hisrich, R. D. (1994). Toward a model of venture capital investment decision making. Financial management, 28-37.Several appopriate potential general investments were identified,  Would you mind elaborating/being a bit more specific.  For example, you suggest equipment.  What specific type of equipment might you have in mind for your specific organization?  For example:  "xxx machine at a cost of xxx would potentially double production in the first year and pay for itself in xxx years.  The downside is the upfront cost ....."The more specific you are for your selected organization, the more accurately one can evaluate potential costs and benefits.