In this chapter, the focus is on the differences in knowledge or brains between other human species. The East Africa had many sapiens, which pushed other human species into extinction across the world, due to their dominance on earth. Most importantly, the chapter seeks to identify the similarities in the brain structures between the human beings and sapiens, but there is no substantive records that can show the differences in brain structure to ascertain the similarities between human beings and sapiens.  In essence, the chapter looks into the ability of Sapiens, Neanderthal or human beings to think, communicate, use language properly and cooperate. Also, the chapter notes that the cognitive revolution that happened to Sapiens enabled them to think creatively and change behaviors. Imperatively, Harari (23) argues that sapiens “looked like us, but their cognitive abilities – learning, remembering, communicating – were far more limited.”  Ideally, the point is that sapiens was knowledgeable, but their brain capacity was not enough to hold a lot of information.  But, more importantly, is that the sapiens brain was growing slowly by slowly, and able to record and retrieve information about their achievements.