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Answers For Indonesia

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Music

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Cuyamaca College

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1. What does the term “gamelan” mean?
Answer: A traditional instrumental ensemble of Indonesia, typically including many bronze percussion
instruments.
2. The term laras refers to the tuning system in Javanese gamelan. What are the names of the two
systems and how many pitches do they have?
Answer: Slendro pentatonic, 5 pitches, equidistant Pelog heptatonic, 7 pitches.
3. What is colotomic structure and how is this utilized in gamelan music?
Answer: Colotomic structure marks a specific fixed beat within a metric structure by a particular
instrument. In gamelan music, it is utilized by marking off a music into temporary units according to an
entrance of a specific instrument in a specific order at specific times.
4. Discuss the history and/or layering of religions that exist in Indonesia. What makes Bali unique
concerning religious development?
Answer: The layering of religion comes from separation due to powers. Due to the amount of tourists
that also visit the country, Bali’s development has also changed. It can also be considered that the
different courts in Indonesia have different powers and ideas, causing this layering in Indonesia’s
Religions and History.
5. What role do gamelan ensembles play in establishing and legitimizing royalty and power? How does
the Javanese bedhaya song and dance reflect this assertion of status?
Answer: The role gamelan ensembles play in establishing and legitimizing royalty and power revolves
around idolatry. The Javanese bedhayasong and dance reflect this assertion of status because the
spiritual power in the gamelan translates into power of their owners.
6. What is wayang kulit? How long do these performances last? Who is the dalang and what important
role does he play in maintaining history and culture?
Answer: A shadow puppet theatre accompanied by a gamelan. Performances generally lasts over the
course of a whole night. Dalang is a master puppeteer who performs in a karawitan (learned music in
the Javanese tradition. The dalang connects the community with its cultural history and values. The
dalang also has the power to contact the spirit world during ancestral ceremonies

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7. List ways in which the modern ensemble of Gong Kebyar is dramatically different than other Balinese
gamelan ensembles in both form and function.
Answer: Gamelan used to begin starts off with a solo on the kebyar and a loud ensemble. Kebyar
incorporated dance into the performance. Performers went into a crouched position beginning on the
same level as the musicians. The modern Gong Kebyar is different than the other Balinese gamelan
ensembles. Balinese ensembles dropped or introduced new instruments to the genre creating new
music.
8. What is Balinese kecak? How does the organization and performance of this style of music mirror
gamelan music? What Hindu epic is typically enacted during kecak performances?
Kecak is a form of Balinese dance and drama that was developed in the 1930s. Gamelan music requires
alarge ensemble same with the kecak which is performed by a large chorus of men chanting rapidly. The
kecak renacts a shortened version of the Ramayana.
9. How does kecak differ from other Balinese trance rituals? What affected this development?
Answer: The art of kecak expresses the value of balance and harmony while other Balinese trance rituals
depicts struggles of good/evil. Like all culture, everything evolves and changes and the barong helped
Balinese communities reach a medium between the supernatural worlds.
10. The __________________ is another kind of Balinese trance ritual that has been adapted for
tourists. It represents the struggle between good (an awesome but benevolent lion) and evil (a
horrendous and malevolent witch).
Answer: Barong
11. How does popular gambus music reflect Middle Eastern origins in its instrumentation and style?
Answer: Gambus uses a small double headed drum called amara wisor. The style that reflects the
Middle Eastern origin uses upbeat rhythms and a vocal timbre that are easy for listeners to dance to.
12. __________________ is a popular Indonesian music that is an extraordinary mix of Western rock
and Indian film songs.
Answer: Dangdutis
13. How does the popular genre kroncong reflect colonial history in Indonesia? What is the
instrumentation of kroncong?

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1. What does the term “gamelan” mean? Answer: A traditional instrumental ensemble of Indonesia, typically including many bronze percussion instruments. 2. The term laras refers to the tuning system in Javanese gamelan. What are the names of the two systems and how many pitches do they have? Answer: Slendro – pentatonic, 5 pitches, equidistant Pelog – heptatonic, 7 pitches. 3. What is colotomic structure and how is this utilized in gamelan music? Answer: Colotomic structure marks a specific fixed beat within a metric structure by a particular instrument. In gamelan music, it is utilized by marking off a music into temporary units according to an entrance of a specific instrument in a specific order at specific times. 4. Discuss the history and/or layering of religions that exist in Indonesia. What makes Bali unique concerning religious development? Answer: The layering of relig ...
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