BIO 101 City Colleges of Chicago-Harold Washington College Biology Essay

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Science

BIO 101

City Colleges of Chicago-Harold Washington College

BIO

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Answer the  following questions.

  1. Describe the structure and function of mitochondria.
  2. Describe the structure and function of chloroplasts.
  3. Based on what you’ve learned about transport across plasma membrane, suggest how ancient bacteria ended up inside eukaryotic cells to give rise to mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
  4. List at least five pieces of evidence supporting endosymbiosis theory. 
  5. Discuss the role of endosymbiosis in the evolution of eukaryotes. 

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5 Questions
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Running head: BIO 101

1

BIO 101 ASSIGNMENT
Name
Institution

BIO 101

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1. Describe the structure and function of mitochondria
Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelles found within a cell. A mitochondrion consists of
two specialized membranes that cover the whole mitochondrion leaving an intermembrane space
in between the membranes. The outer membrane is highly porous while the inner one is folded to
form cristae but is semi-permeable which only allows for certain molecules to pass through it
making the inner membrane more selective compares to the outer one. The inner membrane
utilizes a mix of transport protein carriers to enhance selectivity thereby transporting only a
required amount of molecules compared to the outer membrane (Molecular expressionsmitochondria).
Mitochondria act as power generators for the cells by converting oxygen and nutrients
into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The adenosine triphosphate is the chemical currency for
energy that powers the metabolic activities of a cell. Mitochondria can work under high oxygen
concentration also aerobic respiration-breathing as well as low oxygen concentration or
anaerobic respiration. During breathing, the oxygen taken in is used to catalyze the production of
more adenosine triphosphate while during anaerobic respiration...


Anonymous
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