CIT-237 Lab 8.1 Selection Sort The goal of this lab is to help you get familiar with sorting data in an array. Due Date You must demonstrate the solution to this lab exercise to the instructor by Monday, February 24, 2020, in order to receive full credit for this work. Lab Setup 1. Create the project using Visual Studio. 2. Download the ZIP file for Lab 8.1 from Moodle. 3. Copy the sample input files, firstTen.txt, and presidents.txt from the Lab 8.1 ZIP file to the same folder where your source file is located. Programming Exercise This lab exercise involves writing a short program to do the following:      Prompt the user for an input file name. Open this file for input. The file contains the names of people (one per line). Read the contents of the file into an array of string objects. (The maximum number of names for the array should be at least 50.) Display the input names, in the order they appear in the file. Modify the selection sort algorithm from the textbook so that it works with string objects, instead of integers. (This may require some research: check the textbook index and/or www.cplusplus.com.) Display the sorted list. Add Descriptive Output Statements Add code to the selection sort that describes each swap operation that the algorithm executes. The format of each line of this output should be: Swap [indexA] stringA with [indexB] stringB (The sample output on the next page illustrates this output.) Sample Data Files The ZIP file for this lab exercise contains two sample data files, which can be used to test your program: Input file: firstTen.txt Washington, George Adams, John Jefferson, Thomas Madison, James Monroe, James Adams, John Quincy Jackson, Andrew Van Buren, Martin Harrison, William Henry Tyler, John CTI237_Lab08.1_Selection_Sort_20200212.docx 2/12/2020 8:16 AM page 1 of 2 CIT-237 Lab 8.1 Selection Sort The program output for firstTen.txt is shown below. (In this example, the text that the user types is shown in BOLD font. The actual input / output will all be displayed in the same font.) Output from processing the firstTen.txt file Enter name of input file: firstTen.txt 10 lines of text read from input file. Here are the unsorted names: -------------------------[ 0] Washington, George [ 1] Adams, John [ 2] Jefferson, Thomas [ 3] Madison, James [ 4] Monroe, James [ 5] Adams, John Quincy [ 6] Jackson, Andrew [ 7] Van Buren, Martin [ 8] Harrison, William Henry [ 9] Tyler, John Swap Swap Swap Swap Swap Swap Swap Swap Swap [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 1] 5] 8] 6] 8] 6] 8] 9] 9] Adams, John Adams, John Quincy Harrison, William Henry Jackson, Andrew Jefferson, Thomas Madison, James Monroe, James Tyler, John Van Buren, Martin with with with with with with with with with [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 0] 1] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7] 8] Washington, George Washington, George Jefferson, Thomas Madison, James Monroe, James Washington, George Washington, George Van Buren, Martin Washington, George Here are the names sorted: -------------------------[ 0] Adams, John [ 1] Adams, John Quincy [ 2] Harrison, William Henry [ 3] Jackson, Andrew [ 4] Jefferson, Thomas [ 5] Madison, James [ 6] Monroe, James [ 7] Tyler, John [ 8] Van Buren, Martin [ 9] Washington, George Press any key to continue . . . The second sample data file, presidents.txt, contains the names of all U.S. Presidents. (This file and its associated text output are too large to include in the lab document.) CTI237_Lab08.1_Selection_Sort_20200212.docx 2/12/2020 8:16 AM page 2 of 2 Washington, George Adams, John Jefferson, Thomas Madison, James Monroe, James Adams, John Quincy Jackson, Andrew Van Buren, Martin Harrison, William Henry Tyler, John Washington, George Adams, John Jefferson, Thomas Madison, James Monroe, James Adams, John Quincy Jackson, Andrew Van Buren, Martin Harrison, William Henry Tyler, John Polk, James K. Taylor, Zachary Fillmore, Millard Pierce, Franklin Buchanan, James Lincoln, Abraham Johnson, Andrew Grant, Ulysses S. Hayes, Rutherford B. Garfield, James B. Arthur, Chester A. Cleveland, Grover Harrison, Benjamin Cleveland, Grover McKinley, McKinley Roosevelt, Theodore Taft, William Howard Wilson, Woodrow Harding, Warren G. Coolidge, Calvin Hoover, Herbert Roosevelt, Franklin D. Truman, Harry S. Eisenhower, Dwight D. Kennedy, John F. Johnson, Lyndon B. Nixon, Richard Ford, Gerald Carter, Jimmy Reagan, Ronald Bush, George H. W. Clinton, Bill Bush, George W. Obama, Barack Trump, Donald CIT237 C++ Programming Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 This programming project is due on Wednesday, February 19 at 10:00 p.m. The best approach is to plan to have the solution submitted BEFORE the due date. Then, if you experience any last-minute difficulty, you will still meet the deadline. Be sure that you read and understand this entire document before you begin writing your code. If you have questions, please ask during class or send me an e-mail at my BHCC e-mail address (pmorgan@bhcc.edu). Overview Automobile Speed/Distance Application Program This programming project involves creating a C++ program that simulates the speed of a car and calculates the distance traveled over a period of time. This must be an interactive program that accepts keyboard input from the user and produces text output on the console. Each command entered by the user must execute one “time interval”. For example, the “a” (accelerate) command must increase the speed by 5 miles per hour (MPH) over a time interval of 1 second. Similarly, the “b” (brake) command must decrease the speed by 5 MPH over a time interval of 1 second, and the “c” (cruise) command must keep the speed constant for 1 second. All of these operations include calculation of how far the car travels during the 1 second interval, and the total distance traveled since the program started. A separate “d” (demo) command outputs a sequence of steps, similar to that shown in the sample data, simply by executing the other operations in a predetermined sequence. This document discusses the requirements for the program, as well as possible implementation details. Be sure you understand this document before you begin coding your final solution. General Discussion of the Project Imagine a car which starts out “Stopped”, at some initial position. We could say that the car is at “position zero”, and its current speed is zero Miles-per-hour. If the driver of the car does nothing, then the car will remain at its initial position. However, if the driver steps on the gas pedal, the car will “accelerate”: its speed will increase by some amount. Now that the car is moving, its position will change over time. How much will the position change? This depends on the speed, and how much time has elapsed. It turns out that a car moving at a constant speed of 25 miles per hour (36.7 feet per second) will travel 367 feet in 10 seconds. (Multiply 36.7 feet per second times 10 seconds.) But what if the speed is not constant? In this case we need to know the average speed over the specified time interval. If the speed changes at a constant rate, perhaps 5 miles-per-hour each second, then the average speed is the speed at the beginning of the time interval (previousSpeed), plus the speed at the end of the time interval (currentSpeed), divided by 2: averageSpeed = (previousSpeed + currentSpeed) / 2.0; averageSpeed_FeetPerSecond = averageSpeed * 5280.0/3600.0; intervalFeetTraveled = averageSpeed_FeetPerSecond * timeInterval; For convenience, we can keep the timeInterval value fixed at one second. CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx 1/27/2020 11:15 AM page 1 of 10 CIT237 C++ Programming Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 The calculations described in the previous paragraphs mention speed in “miles per hour” and distance in “feet”. This is deliberate, for aesthetic reasons: people are accustomed to thinking of the speed of a car in “miles per hour”, at least in the United States. Yet, if we were to express the distance traveled over a few seconds in miles, then the numbers would be tiny fractions of a mile, and would therefore not be intuitively appropriate to the person using the program. This is why the averageSpeed value is converted from miles per hour (MPH) to feet per second (FPS). In general, the formula for converting miles per hour (MPH) to feet per second (FPS) is: 𝐹𝑃𝑆 = 𝑀𝑃𝐻 ( 5280.0 ) 3600.0 Possible Program Variables Description These variable names are a suggestion, intended to get you thinking about the problem. The implementation that you choose may be different. The contents of each variable to represent the car could be as follows: Variable currentSpeed previousSpeed totalFeetTraveled intervalFeetTraveled timeInterval currentState delta Description Current speed of the car (miles per hour) Speed of the car at the end of the “previous” time interval (miles per hour) Total feet traveled by the car (since the program started) Total feet traveled during the most recent time interval The amount of elapsed time for each calculation interval (fixed at 1 second). Current state of the car’s motion. Valid values are: “Stopped”, “Accelerating”, “Cruising” (moving at a steady speed), or “Braking”. The amount that the speed of the car will increase (during acceleration) or decrease (during braking). By default, this value must be 5 miles per hour. The “accelerate”, “brake”, and “cruise” operations can be calculated as shown. (In this table, the default value of “delta” is 5 MPH.) Operation accelerate Calculation brake previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed = currentSpeed - delta; cruise previousSpeed = currentSpeed; previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed = currentSpeed + delta; Design Note: You must write separate functions for the accelerate, brake, and cruise operations. Not only does this improve the modularity of the program, but it will also make it very easy for you to write the code for the demo operation described later in this document. CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx 1/27/2020 11:15 AM page 2 of 10 CIT237 C++ Programming Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 Possible Function Descriptions Below is a list of possible functions, and their descriptions. Function outputStatusHeader outputStatus updateDistanceTraveled Member Function Description Output column headings to the console (see sample output on the next page). Output current data values to the console. Calculate the intervalFeetTraveled (over the most recent calculation interval) and totalFeetTraveled (since the program started) using the following formula: averageSpeed = (previousSpeed + currentSpeed) / 2.0; averageSpeed_FeetPerSecond = averageSpeed * 5280.0/3600.0; intervalFeetTraveled = averageSpeed_FeetPerSecond * timeInterval; totalFeetTraveled = totalFeetTraveled + intervalFeetTraveled; accelerate brake cruise demo Remember to convert Miles-per-hour to feet-per-second before calculating the distance. You must write separate functions for accelerate, brake, and cruise. This will make it easier for you to write the code for the demo command. Execute a predetermined sequence of the accelerate, brake, and cruise operations. (See the Sample Output section of this document for one possible sequence.) Some Thoughts about Modeling a Physical System Whenever writing code to simulate the operation of a physical system, keep in mind how the real physical system would behave and try to make your simulation match that behavior as closely as reasonably possible. In this project, this issue comes up when maintaining the “currentState” variable. For example, if the car is currently “Stopped”, and the main program executes the “cruise” command, or the “brake” command, then the car must remain “Stopped”. Similarly, if the car is moving and the main program executes the “brake” command, then the car must enter the “Braking” state and the speed must decrease. If the main program continues to execute the “brake” command repeatedly, then eventually the speed will reach zero. At this time, the car must transition to the “Stopped” state, and the car must remain “Stopped” even if the “brake” command continues to get executed again and again. This is how a real car would behave, so it is how our simulation should hopefully behave. (This is the reason why the State Transition Diagram on the next page has two variations of the “brake” command: “Bf” is a brake command when the initial speed is greater than the “delta” value. “Bs” is a brake command when the initial speed is less than or equal to the “delta” value. The “delta” value is the amount that the speed changes, whenever the accelerate or brake command is used. By default, “delta” must be 5 MPH.) An example of incorrect behavior would be for the car to start moving backwards (speed < 0) because someone kept his foot on the brake pedal after the car has come to a complete stop. CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx 1/27/2020 11:15 AM page 3 of 10 CIT237 C++ Programming Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 State Transition Diagram If we use a Finite State Machine in our design, then the State Transition Diagram might look like the following: Events (inputs): A = “Accelerate” Command. Bs = “Brake-slow” Command (“Brake” command when speed delta). C = “Cruise” Command. Bf15 Bs, C3 Initial1 Bs14 Stopped Braking A12 A2 Bs6 C13 Bf7 A4 4 Bf11 Bs10 A8 Accelerating Cruising C5 C9 In this State Transition Diagram we have left off the Actions associated with each transition. The reason for this is to prevent the diagram from becoming too messy and difficult to read. The Actions are included in the State Transition Table, which is on the next page. (The numeric subscript on each transition label of this diagram refers to the row number in the State Transition Table.) Study the State Transition Diagram and State Transition Table carefully, to be sure you are familiar with the required behavior of the program. CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx 1/27/2020 11:15 AM page 4 of 10 CIT237 C++ Programming Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 State Transition Table The Finite State Machine shown in the State Transition Diagram (previous page) can also be expressed as a State Transition Table. Both are accurate representations of the behavior of the final program. Previous State 1 Event Initial 2 Stopped Accelerate command 3 4 Stopped Accelerating Brake or Cruise command Accelerate command 5 Accelerating Cruise command 6 Accelerating Brake command, currentSpeed delta 8 Cruising Accelerate command 9 Cruising Cruise command 10 Cruising Brake command, currentSpeed delta 12 Braking Accelerate command 13 Braking Cruise command 14 Braking Brake command, currentSpeed delta CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx Action currentSpeed = 0 (MPH), totalFeetTraveled=0, delta = 5 (MPH). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed += delta; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed += delta; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed =0; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed -= delta; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed += delta; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed = 0; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed -= delta; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed += delta; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed = 0; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). previousSpeed = currentSpeed; currentSpeed -= delta; Call updateDistanceTraveled(). 1/27/2020 11:15 AM New State Stopped Accelerating Stopped Accelerating Cruising Stopped Braking Accelerating Cruising Stopped Braking Accelerating Cruising Stopped Braking page 5 of 10 CIT237 C++ Programming Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 Sample Output An example of valid output is shown in the table below. Note: this example includes the output from the “d” command (demo). When the demo command is executed in this example, the car was previously “Stopped”, as shown by the three “Cruise” steps at the beginning. Next the car accelerates for 5 seconds, travels at constant speed for 5 seconds, then brakes until stopped. Sample “demo” output: Function Command: d Cruise Cruise Cruise Accelerate Accelerate Accelerate Accelerate Accelerate Cruise Cruise Cruise Cruise Cruise Brake Brake Brake Brake Brake Brake Brake Brake Command: q Current State Current Speed Stopped Stopped Stopped Accelerating Accelerating Accelerating Accelerating Accelerating Cruising Cruising Cruising Cruising Cruising Braking Braking Braking Braking Stopped Stopped Stopped Stopped Interval Distance 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 Total Feet (and miles) traveled 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 11.0 18.3 25.7 33.0 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 33.0 25.7 18.3 11.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 14.7 33.0 58.7 91.7 128.3 165.0 201.7 238.3 275.0 308.0 333.7 352.0 363.0 366.7 366.7 366.7 366.7 (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.001) (0.003) (0.006) (0.011) (0.017) (0.024) (0.031) (0.038) (0.045) (0.052) (0.058) (0.063) (0.067) (0.069) (0.069) (0.069) (0.069) (0.069) The next example shows a session where the user enters various commands: Sample interactive output: Function Current State Current Speed Command: h Supported commands: a b c d h q Command: a Accelerate Command: a Accelerate Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: c Interval Distance Total Feet (and miles) traveled accelerate. brake. cruise. demo. print this help text. quit (end the program). Accelerating 5 3.7 3.7 (0.001) Accelerating 10 11.0 14.7 (0.003) Cruising 10 14.7 29.3 (0.006) Cruising 10 14.7 44.0 (0.008) CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx 1/27/2020 11:15 AM page 6 of 10 CIT237 C++ Programming Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: a Accelerate Command: a Accelerate Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: a Accelerate Command: b Brake Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: b Brake Command: b Brake Command: b Brake Command: b Brake Command: b Brake Command: a Accelerate Command: a Accelerate Command: a Accelerate Command: a Accelerate Command: a Accelerate Command: a Accelerate Command: a Accelerate Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Command: c Cruise Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 Cruising 10 14.7 58.7 (0.011) Cruising 10 14.7 73.3 (0.014) Accelerating 15 18.3 91.7 (0.017) Accelerating 20 25.7 117.3 (0.022) Cruising 20 29.3 146.7 (0.028) Cruising 20 29.3 176.0 (0.033) Cruising 20 29.3 205.3 (0.039) Cruising 20 29.3 234.7 (0.044) Accelerating 25 33.0 267.7 (0.051) Braking 20 33.0 300.7 (0.057) Cruising 20 29.3 330.0 (0.063) Cruising 20 29.3 359.3 (0.068) Cruising 20 29.3 388.7 (0.074) Cruising 20 29.3 418.0 (0.079) Cruising 20 29.3 447.3 (0.085) Cruising 20 29.3 476.7 (0.090) Braking 15 25.7 502.3 (0.095) Braking 10 18.3 520.7 (0.099) Braking 5 11.0 531.7 (0.101) Stopped 0 3.7 535.3 (0.101) Stopped 0 0.0 535.3 (0.101) Accelerating 5 3.7 539.0 (0.102) Accelerating 10 11.0 550.0 (0.104) Accelerating 15 18.3 568.3 (0.108) Accelerating 20 25.7 594.0 (0.112) Accelerating 25 33.0 627.0 (0.119) Accelerating 30 40.3 667.3 (0.126) Accelerating 35 47.7 715.0 (0.135) Cruising 35 51.3 766.3 (0.145) Cruising 35 51.3 817.7 (0.155) Cruising 35 51.3 869.0 (0.165) Cruising 35 51.3 920.3 (0.174) CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx 1/27/2020 11:15 AM page 7 of 10 CIT237 C++ Programming Command: c Cruise Cruising Command: c Cruise Cruising Command: c Cruise Cruising Command: c Cruise Cruising Command: c Cruise Cruising Command: b Brake Braking Command: b Brake Braking Command: b Brake Braking Command: b Brake Braking Command: b Brake Braking Command: b Brake Braking Command: b Brake Stopped Command: b Brake Stopped Command: b Brake Stopped Command: b Brake Stopped Command: b Brake Stopped Command: h Supported commands: a b c d h q Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 35 51.3 971.7 (0.184) 35 51.3 1023.0 (0.194) 35 51.3 1074.3 (0.203) 35 51.3 1125.7 (0.213) 35 51.3 1177.0 (0.223) 30 47.7 1224.7 (0.232) 25 40.3 1265.0 (0.240) 20 33.0 1298.0 (0.246) 15 25.7 1323.7 (0.251) 10 18.3 1342.0 (0.254) 5 11.0 1353.0 (0.256) 0 3.7 1356.7 (0.257) 0 0.0 1356.7 (0.257) 0 0.0 1356.7 (0.257) 0 0.0 1356.7 (0.257) 0 0.0 1356.7 (0.257) accelerate. brake. cruise. demo. print this help text. quit (end the program). Command: q CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx 1/27/2020 11:15 AM page 8 of 10 CIT237 C++ Programming Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 Optional Enhancements (Extra Credit) As always, I recommend implementing the minimal requirements first, and then setting a copy of that code aside before starting on any “extra credit” enhancements. That way, if you run out of time or have trouble getting the enhancements to work, you still have something acceptable to hand-in. 1. Optional “r” command: If you have time and want to try an enhancement, make the amount of acceleration or braking a variable, rather than the fixed (5 MPH) value described in the basic version. That is, by default, the value of delta is assumed to be 5 MPH, but you could make it changeable if you wish. Implement a user command called “r” that changes the delta value. If the user types the “r” command, then the program must ask the user to enter a new value for the delta variable. If the user attempts to enter a value that is zero or less than zero, the program must output an error message and leave the delta variable unchanged. Be sure that your “help” text includes instructions on how to use the new command. 2. Optional “t” command: Another enhancement you could consider is to make the timeInterval itself a variable. That is, by default, the timeInterval variable is assumed to have a value of 1 second. If the user types the “t” command, then the program must ask the user to enter a new value for the timeInterval variable. If the user attempts to enter a value that is zero or less than zero, the program must output an error message and leave the timeInterval variable unchanged. Be sure that your “help” text includes instructions on how to use the new command. Project Deliverables: The project source file(s) must be submitted by Moodle, using the Moodle Activity: CIT237_Project1 Submit your source code only: .cpp file(s) and any .h file(s) that you create. I will need to compile your code on my home computer in order to grade it. If you are submitting more than one file, do not enclose the files in a ZIP file. Do not submit the entire Visual Studio project. Do not include the Visual Studio project folders, or any binary files. If you have developed your program using some tool set other than Visual Studio, be sure to compile and test your final version on one of the Windows 10 computers in our classroom before you submit it. CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx 1/27/2020 11:15 AM page 9 of 10 CIT237 C++ Programming Programming Project 1 Due date: February 19, 2020 Grading Criteria The project will be graded according to the following grading criteria: Feature 1. The program functions correctly. 2. In the main function of the program, there is a loop which contains code to support the following input commands: a b c d h q Portion of grade 65% 25% accelerate. brake. cruise. demo. print this help text. quit (end the program). 3. The main function calls other functions to implement the various commands. 4. The “command loop” in the main function must continue until the user enters a ‘q’ command. 5. The program is clearly organized and commented so as to make it easy to read and understand. CIT237_Project1_20200127.docx 1/27/2020 11:15 AM 10% page 10 of 10
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